Figure 3. The social consequences of conspiracism: exposure to conspiracy theories decreases intentions to engage in politics and to reduce one's carbon footprint. Xu C, Kohler TA, Lenton TM, Svenning J-C, Scheffer M. Future of the human climate niche. The correlation matrix (Figure 6) shows that the Covid-19 mortality rate is positively correlated to a group of variables composed of the inactive lifestyle (r = 0.46, p < 10−6), obesity rate (r = 0.55, p < 10−11), GDP (r = 0.40, p < 10−7), economic support index (r = 0.31, p < 10−3), life expectancy (r = 0.50, p < 10−11), burden of mortality due to CVD (r = 0.33, p < 10−3), cancer (r = 0.47, p < 10−9), and deviation from latitude 0 (r = 0.41, p < 10−3). Geophys. PLoS ONE. H1N1 pandemic in Switzerland. CLOCKSS Archive. (2009) 35:61–82. Gambetta D, (editor). The larger the circle, the more the variable is correlated with the axis. Public Relat Q. Soc Sci Med. The media is also an important stakeholder in pandemic management. These groups may require different forms of communication to overcome negative perceptions of health organizations and their recommendations. Sci Rep. (2019) 9:418. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36707-3. Declining trust in public institutions has enabled the proliferation of alternative sources of information leading to potential for misinformation (5). Goodwin R SS. Figure 1. Emergency Declaration and Directions. Frontiers in Public Health | Read 1100 articles with impact on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Nature. Within the pandemic-trust literature, this has contributed to a focus on trust in government (42, 50, 51), healthcare industry (42), public health organizations (6, 42, 54, 55), communicators of public health messages (22, 52, 56), and the communicated messages themselves (57). (2019) 43:68–74. Brown argues that this decision is often informed by political ideology rather than public health. (2020) 117:11350–5. In the following sections, we identify issues to consider when applying the trust model to the context of COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health | Стандартное сокращение журнала (ISO4): « Front.Public Health ».ISO 4 is the international standard ISO , which defines a unified system of abbreviations for periodicals, namely scientific journals. Relative to the Greenwich meridian, longitude is expressed negatively for the western countries, positively for the eastern ones. (2004) 327:1125–41. Hence, global threats may put the human development niche at higher risks. With an epidemiological transition toward more prevalent chronic diseases, countries with high life expectancy have also increased concurrent risks, restraining their adaptability margins. Alonge O, Sonkarlay S, Gwaikolo W, Fahim C, Cooper JL, Peters DH. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001653, 15. doi: 10.1038/nature19793, 7. Such research is important to ensure that public trust in the government and public health officials is maintained, government advice is followed, and the health of the public is maximized during current and future pandemics. 32. (2019) 12:1662682. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1662682, 53. *Correspondence: Annabelle Wilson, annabelle.wilson@flinders.edu.au, Front. The first axis of PCA opposes two groups of countries (Figures 2, 4, 5). Researchers on social media have been split by the decision of academic librarian Jeffrey Beall to add the Frontiers journals to his ‘blacklist’ of “questionable publishers”. Br J Psychol. Available online at: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-8356-3_33 (accessed August 8, 2013). A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. Disease Prevention Week. Adult obesity is defined through a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30 kg/m2. Frontiers in Plant Science is the world’s most-cited Plant Sciences journal & ranks in the top Impact Factor and CiteScore percentiles. Lancet. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.604339/full#supplementary-material. Research published in Frontiers in Public Health estimates that 91% adult Americans are ‘overfat’ - a term defined as having excess body fat sufficient to impair health. Colizza V, Barrat A, Barthelemy M, Valleron AJ, Vespignani A. |, Applying a Model For Developing and Maintaining Public Trust to Pandemic Management, Issues to Consider in Applying the Trust Model, https://theconversation.com/what-needs-togo-right-to-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-in-12-18-months-136816, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/poll-shows-only-23-of-americans-have-high-levels-of-trust-in-what-trump-is-saying-to-the-public-2020-04-23, https://essentialvision.com.au/category/essentialreport, https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/map.html, https://www.covid-19.sa.gov.au/emergency-declarations, https://www.rte.ie/news/us/2020/0515/1138741-us-protesters-call-for-easing-of-restrictions/, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Bangerter A. doi: 10.1080/14461242.2014.11081968. Bristol: Nuffield Trust (2004). 49. Transparency was the ranked as the most important strategy in maintaining trust by both key stakeholders and the public, which follows the emphasis on transparency or openness as trust-building strategies during periods of pandemic (27–29). Yet other researchers defended Frontiers, making clear that while some of Mr. Beall’s additions to his predatory-journals list were relatively open-and-shut cases, Frontiers was much less clear-cut. (2005) 32:1–4. Bish A, Michie Demographic S and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: a review. It is out of scope to speculate on any cause-effect relation. 25. Austra NZ J Public Health. High income northern countries are positively correlated to this axis: they provide high economic support, have higher LE but lower progression of LE, more frequent sedentary lifestyle, larger obesity rates, and higher mortality from CVD and cancer. As a consequence, societies seem to face reduced margins of adaptability (2, 10, and become more susceptible to new constraints. Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan. This can result in public confusion and frustration if advice and actions are different. Frontiers in Psychology is a peer-reviewed open-access academic journal covering all aspects of psychology in 27 sections. Wilson AM, Withall E, Coveney J, Meyer SB, Henderson J, McCullum D, et al. Krause N, Freiling I, Beets B, Brossard. We emphasize that any research in risk mitigation and risk communication needs to be undertaken in different population groups because of the different needs different groups may have in terms of communication strategies, taking into account the actors involved, type of risks, and socio-political context of a pandemic response. (2007) 19:134–6. The Lausanne-based publishing house is a powerful enterprise and not to be messed with. Analysis of the data resulted in the identification of ten strategies which can be used by food regulators, industry and the media to maintain and regain public trust in the food system. doi: 10.1080/13669877.2017.1391318, 9. View all Context: The human development territories have been severely constrained under the Covid-19 pandemic. Available from: https://www.rte.ie/news/us/2020/0515/1138741-us-protesters-call-for-easing-of-restrictions/ (accessed May 14, 2020). Change in frailty and risk of death in older persons. Frontiers in Public Health Editorial Office. A common dynamics has been observed, but its propagation has not been homogeneous over each continent. PLoS One. An integral aspect of publishing is selecting a journal that is of appropriate topic and scope, respected among other researchers in the discipline, and widely indexed and accessible to readers to permit effective dissemination of the work. The extent to which legal enforcement is responsible for compliance with public health directives and how much is driven by trust in public health officials and information is unclear, although past epidemic literature suggests that the punitive measures are likely to play a role (50). The latest population sizes available, used to calculate the mortality rate were extracted from the UNdata website (http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3A22). (2018) 13:1158–68. This can all impact on public trust because it brings complexity and uncertainty into play. These include ways in which pandemic management differs from food safety but also issues reacted to governance. (2005) 37:343–7. Data were collected from The World Factbook from the US intelligence agency (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/367.html). Prati G, Pietrantoni L, Zani B. Available online at: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/poll-shows-only-23-of-americans-have-high-levels-of-trust-in-what-trump-is-saying-to-the-public-2020-04-23. The principal component analysis as well as the correlation matrix with the estimated data are presented in Supplementary Figures 1–3. In late June 2016, the journal published an article in support of the bizarre and demonstrably false claim that the trails shed by jets consist not of ice crystals, as is the case, but coal fly ash, a harmful pollutant. It is expressed in raw data on the left and in decimal logarithm on the right. Yet information about disease risk during pandemics is often provisional or ambiguous (13, 20, 30). The crucial link between a hazard—or external threat—and a disaster is illustrated by the notion of vulnerable populations (22). This analysis shows that higher Covid-19 mortality rates are mostly found in countries experiencing higher life expectancies and showing a recent slowdown of this progression. Lancet. 24. Siegrist and Zinng identify gaps in knowledge and misconceptions about vaccination and herd immunity which are further compounded by the public needing to decide between competing information sources (45). While pandemic management differs insofar as the responsibility lies with the public rather than identifiable regulatory bodies, and governments must weigh competing risks in creating policy, we conclude that many of the strategies identified in our trust model can be successfully applied to the maintenance of trust in public health officials prior to, during, and after pandemics. Support Center Support Center. Whether you are currently performing experiments or are in the midst of writing, the following Frontiers in Public Health - Review Speed data may help you to select an efficient and right journal for your manuscripts. (2018) 22:1031–7. For instance, the 2003 heatwave killed 30,000 to 50,000 people in Europe and 15,000 in France (13, 27), 80% of them being elderly people. The obesity rate was calculated as the percent of the country total population considered to be obese, according to the last year this prevalence data was publicly available. Le Bourg E. Is life expectancy of french women going to plateau and oscillate? (2020) 248:112824. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112824. Predatory journals are scam publishers that charge authors fees upfront, but do not provide the service they promise. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1108296, 36. Sports Med Auckl NZ. From the 188 countries that have declared at least one case, only those counting a minimum of 10 deaths due to Covid-19 up to the study end point (31th August 2020) were included. (2012) 366:454–61. The national criteria most associated with death rate are life expectancy and its slowdown, public health context (metabolic and non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden vs. infectious diseases prevalence), economy (growth national product, financial support), and environment (temperature, ultra-violet index). Connect with us; For more information: Frontiers’ Report. Trust in incorrect information or even conspiracy theories (46) may prevent adoption of preventative strategies (47, 48) and can be addressed through targeted social marketing campaigns. Frontiers in Women’s Health is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, welcomes submissions on areas covering the whole lifecycle of women, from childhood/puberty to menopause and beyond. Correlation matrix with the estimated death numbers obtained from the logistic equation (see Section Methods—Data collection). In 2016, we developed a model for maintaining and regaining trust in the food regulatory system during and after food safety incidents or scandals (25). (2010) 20:490–4. BMC Infect Dis. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The government's responses (i.e., the severity index and the containment and health index) are strongly correlated with the second factorial axis (Figures 2, 4). Oxford: Blackwell (1988). Copyright © 2020 Henderson, Ward, Tonkin, Meyer, Pillen, McCullum, Toson, Webb, Coveney and Wilson. A predatory journal is one that will accept virtually any article as long as they are paid to publish that article. Learning from leaders: life-span trends in olympians and supercentenarians. Predatory publishing, sometimes called write-only publishing or deceptive publishing, is an exploitive academic publishing business model that involves charging publication fees to authors without checking articles for quality and legitimacy and without providing the other editorial and publishing services that legitimate academic journals provide, whether open access or not. Difficulties can arise when/if contradictory messages are received from key players. The third axis shows a relationship between Covid-19 mortality and longitude as well as obesity and sedentarity (Figures 4, 5). High temperature and UV levels are associated with low death rates such that northern and western countries pay the most severe toll to Covid-19. Context: The human development territories have been severely constrained under the Covid-19 pandemic. (2020) 391:1783–98. Impact Factor 2.483 | CiteScore 2More on impact ›, The Tribute of Physiology for the Understanding of COVID-19 Disease How food regulators communicate with consumers about food safety. The government, particularly those government officials involved in disseminating public health advice, are also vital stakeholders given the way in which trust might be built or eroded depending on the conduct of these communicators (52). Hall K, Wolf M. Whose crisis? Int J Infect Dis. doi: 10.1080/00324728.1975.10410201, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 4. The vagaries of public support for government actions in case of a pandemic. Supplementary Figure 1. Further, the abundance of messaging and misinformation available makes it critical that credible sources, such as public health messaging, are trusted in order to counter mis- and disinformation that may be harmful (5). This involves the development of crisis plans and ongoing surveillance of risk (25). Health Soc Rev. Essential Media Communications. Eur Psych. Health Educ Res. Protection DPaRBHRa. The Changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. COVID-19 Map: Tracking the Coronavirus Outbreak Worldwide. Cambridge University Press (2015). Nevertheless, some explanatory hypothesis may be proposed: countries displaying greater susceptibility (determined by a more fragile balance between health, demographic, environment, and economic parameters) seem to have narrower margins of adaptation and be therefore more vulnerable to main aggressors. Only 23% of Americans Have High Levels of Trust in What Trump is Saying About the Coronavirus: Poll. Reissman DB, Watson PJ, Klomp RW, Tanielian TL, Prior SD. In a subsequent study these strategies were tested with and ranked by a representative sample of the public, with high congruence between the original model and strategies suggested and ranked by the public (26). Gilles I, Bangerter A, Clémence A, Green EG, Krings F, Mouton A, et al. Public Health, 19 November 2020 Available from: https://theconversation.com/what-needs-togo-right-to-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-in-12-18-months-136816 (accessed May 8, 2020). Independence is particularly important in regions where other events (e.g., social unrest in Hong Kong) have eroded trust in government (38). (2020) 182:794–5. Frontiers in Public Health was the fifth most-cited publisher among the 20 largest publishers in 2019, so it’s no slouch when it comes to visibility. The mortality rate due to Covid-19 was calculated as the ratio between the total number of deaths and the population size of each country, state, or region. Baqui P, Bica I, Marra V, Ercole A, van der Schaar M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. Avian influenza and pandemic management: an international perspective. (2017) 32:988–1000. Modeling the worldwide spread of pandemic influenza: baseline case and containment interventions. One of the key findings from our earlier study was that trust in the food system depends on actions by food regulators between as well as during food safety incidents. Available online at: www.jstor.org/stable/3401460 (accessed November 01, 2020). (2019) 32:179–94. Beaglehole R, Epping-Jordan J, Patel V, Chopra M, Ebrahim S, Kidd M, et al. Ward PR AK, Meyer SB, Rokkas P, Leask J. The situation in islands such as Taiwan, New Zealand, or Iceland, that quickly imposed restrictive measures on air transport, shows that the virus has not become endemic in these first 8 months. Open-access journals have expanded enormously in number and scope during the past 20 years to attract authors keen to giv… doi: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1631914, 58. Popul Dev Rev. Winnipeg, MB: Prairie Women's Health Network. Epidemiology and heat waves: analysis of the 2003 episode in France. The complete, comprehensive guide shows you how easy citing any source can be. A blue circle indicates that the variable is negatively correlated, a red circle indicates that the variable is positively correlated. In Australia for example, the provision of health care services lies with state governments, while the Commonwealth government provides financial support for community and residential aged care services, and general practice which are predominantly privately owned (63). doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu130, 8. Such nations may suffer from higher mortality levels when new aggressors appear. Public trust in government and public health authorities has an important influence over public constructions of risk and their responses to the threat of infectious disease through promoting acceptance of health information (2, 16, 17). Gray L, MacDonald C, Mackie B, Paton D, Johnston D, Baker MG. Community responses to communication campaigns for influenza A (H1N1): a focus group study. Our model argues for prioritizing the public but notes that while the health and safety of the public was given high priority, agreement on the importance placed upon public values (e.g., food regulation concerns with food additives or genetically modified food) were given lower priority (25). NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). A century of trends in adult human height. Olshansky SJ, Carnes BA. (2017) 8:812. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00812, 11. (2013) 22:1011–24. Indeed, the willingness to adopt preventative measures has been found to be greater when people trust government and public health officials (3). Carney T, Bennett B. Framing pandemic management: new governance, science or culture? 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Its decimal logarithm mortality levels when new aggressors appear Svenning J-C, Scheffer Future... Instance will disturb the optimal development niche at higher risks rather than individual compliance for success any relation. Elderly people are observed in countries with higher death rates are observed in countries with higher death toll, Persad., et al to Updated Extent of archive ; Archived politics and to reduce 's... Decline suddenly, mortality due to Covid-19 LE, we used data frontiers in public health predatory 2010 up now...