To maximise potential yield we need to maximise radiation interception. Maize is often grown without irrigation and many hybrids are drought tolerant, but the right amount of water will give you the highest yield. THE POTENTIAL FOR MAIZE PRODUCTION IN NEW ZEALAND J.P. Kerr, Plant Physiology Division, D.S.I.R., Palmerston North. During this period most maize was grown in the warmer Hawkes Bay and Poverty Bay areas (Claridge, 1972). The levy is added to the price when you buy seed, so there is no need to complete a levy return. Bede Kissick said when the couple bought maize, they found it was not always of the quality they wanted. Tara Raj narrowly misses NZ Amateur title. The information in this fact sheet has been contributed by AgFirst, Statistics New Zealand, the Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), the Corson Maize and Pioneer Maize websites and Te Puni Kōkiri kaimahi. Below are the various options of Maize and Sorghum available within New Zealand. Leaf diseases (if warm and humid) appear during this time. Seeds need to be planted about 150mm apart. Maize growers will be affected by the NPSFM 2014, and its update in 2019. Bill Webb Feed Solutions grow maize on over 200 hectares of land in the Bay of Plenty. Talk to qualified consultants who are experienced in maize growing and other land developments in your area. a dedicated cropping block or runoff) are most likely to benefit from effluent application. In-field estimation of crop DM requires considerable experience, most contractors and technical advisors have experience in harvest scheduling and can offer advice on harvest maturity. This affects radiation interception as radiation interception changes during the year. Maize silage grown on effluent paddocks will significantly reduce fertiliser inputs. Dutch drill makes it easier to grow grass under maize Long-term effluent paddocks have high N and K levels and ideal for growing a deep-rooting crop of maize often without using bagged fertiliser. This fact sheet looks at maize grown for grain. The people who are carrying out the work on the crop need to be properly trained and experienced, or have proper supervision, when carrying out typical growing season activities like: The land is prepped in autumn by spraying out perennial weeds and applying fertiliser and lime. Four main factors drive this: Temperature and radiation are different around the country. If further N is required, make sure it is applied at this growth stage. The AIMI maize survey shows that yield ranged from 10 tonne to 15 tonne of dry grain per hectare in 2018 and 2019. You can lease your land to another grower to use for maize, or grow your own crop to sell directly to a processor or local wholesaler. Ploughing buries and makes fertile topsoil out of reach for new grass trying to establish after maize. However, there are multiple factors that influence the true cost of growing maize silage on-farm. Different hybrids have been developed to suit a range of regional temperatures and water availability.Â. Maize is a versatile crop that can be grown in most parts of New Zealand other than the coldest parts of the South Island, but it is most prevalent and profitable on flat to rolling areas in the North Island. Maize is a vital crop for many New Zealand dairy farmers and represents a significant investment in time and resources. Maize is not suited to waterlogged soils or soil pH below 5.0 or above 6.5. Plant after the risk of frost has passed and harvest before autumn frosts begin. Often our growing location is fixed but if leasing or buying land for maize, investigate the site's climatic conditions. A comment we often hear from dairy farmers is that maize is ‘hard on the soil’ and one of the main causes of this is associated with ploughing. One important maturity indicator is the maize kernel milkline: where the milky liquid changes into the harder darker starch line. 38 July 2006 Alternative summer crops for growing in rotation with maize Key Points • Gross margins for the crops (grain legumes, vegetables and forages) were compared with maize silage and grain. Light rolling after sowing may help seed-soil contact, seal in moisture, and reduce risk of wind erosion. Be aware that you may need a longer fallow period (time between spraying out pasture and first cultivation pass); you need to balance this against the long-term damage to your soil fertility. Three weeks prior to harvesting, it's vital maize crops are checked for harvest maturity. A lot has been heard of the deterioration of farm lands up the East Coast, and it needs only a quick visit to take in a depressing picture of rich flats going back to rushes, and pastoral hill country disappearing beneath the growth of gorse and scrub. It is grown for the production of quality animal feed, either in the form of grain maize or as maize silage. A monitoring programme should include weeds, pests, and diseases; soil N sampling, soil moisture if irrigated, and crop maturity. For the busy dairy farmers, often technical advisors and some contractors can provide this service. Costs to grow, harvest, transport and dry the crop are estimates only. To be commercially viable you need at least 5 hectares. If harvested is less than 30% the silage stack will be wet resulting in stack leachate, this leachate represents nutrient loss. Find out more about the Foundation for Arable Research (FAR). Blocks under 5 hectares have higher costs per hectare, so they are less profitable. Maize requires substantial nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) both of which are present in dairy soils. Young larvae are foliar feeders while older larvae, from about the third instar stage onwards, feed on seedlings at, or below, ground level. There are other reduced tillage options for maize such as strip tillage and direct drilling, however these require more attention to detail and are best suited to specialist maize growers. Wet paddocks risk loss of soil structure under cultivation which leads to lower yields. Land should be flat or gently rolling, so machinery can operate. After the crop has been harvested nutrients and organic matter is replaced in the soil and a winter cover crop is planted. The lease will include information about how long the lessee can use the land, what they are allowed to use it for, and how they have to maintain facilities and look after the land. Low lying wet paddocks often lead to cultivation delays and often don’t yield well unless drought conditions prevail. For information on minimising loses during storage see the Maize Silage page. A small amount is exported, mostly to New Caledonia with some going to other Pacific Islands and Australia. Less than 5 hectares may be unprofitable. Long-term dairy pastures have high fertility levels with means N fertiliser inputs for maize crops can be reduced without impacting yield. Barley. They also tend to need fewer GDD’s to reach maturity so are in the ground for fewer days. To ensure yields and quality come out on top, they invest heavily in the entire growing process. Plant: very easy to grow, drought-tolerant. Many dairy farmers use maize crop as part of their pasture renewal programme, however not all paddocks are equally suited for maize production: To grow high-yielding maize on farm for the least cost, consider the factors which make the contractors' jobs speedy and efficient and reduce harvest cost, e.g. Companies all over New Zealand offer contracts, but it can be difficult to secure one if they already have enough supply from existing relationships. field management after the harvest, including when and how to replace nutrients and organic matter in the soil, winter cover crops and when to give the soil a break by reverting to a pasture system. The Pioneer tool also allows you to estimate the return on your crop based on your actual expenses and yield. Growing maize grain does not require a lot of experience but it is important to get advice. For the first 6-10 weeks the crop is carefully monitored for insect and bird damage, or more weeds. “Maize is a vital crop for many New Zealand dairy farmers; it also represents a signifi cant investment in time and resources. Typically, maize crops are sown in September/October but as the maize grain harvest is not until mid-April/early June growers typically leave the soil fallow over the winter period. Medium yield growing environment where 94,000 seeds of hybrid P0891 are planted per hectare. Maximus can be grown in all maize growing regions and it produced great results in independent FAR maize trials across New Zealand. Maize Grain Award winning product, high yielding production. Maize grown on the dairy farm can add value to farms' feed supply, help mitigate climatic risk, extract soil nutrients from high fertility effluent paddocks, and be used as a ‘break crop’ in the pasture renewal process. Growing Sweet corn, also maize (Zea mays, var. Dry grain has been dried to 14% moisture, after being harvested at 22-24% moisture. Seek advice from your seed merchant to choose a hybrid to suit your region, local pests and your block's own microclimate and other characteristics. For information on storage, feeding out, trading, time to ensile, minerals and interpreting a maize silage analysis see DairyNZ's Maize Silage page. Sharemilking and contract milking arrangements, Purpose, vision, values and guiding principles, Round out your business planning skillset, Round out your financial management skillset, Spring pasture management after an adverse event, New chair brings fresh focus on sustainable dairying, Herd owning, Land owning or Leasing business owner, Active Surveillance and grazing management, National Reproductive Strategy Group (NRSG), Body condition and nutrition for reproduction, New traits to improve genetic merit for fertility, Growing NZ’s next generation of dairy scientists. How much maize do you grow? One of the drivers that has made this intensification possible is the use of maize silage as a feed supplement. Better hybrid genetics are reducing the time to harvest as well as lifting the yield per hectare by around 180kg each year. It is a soft starch feed or silage maize. There were also 20,000 hectares of pasture seeds and about 10,000 hectares of other crops, mainly vegetable and brassica seeds. In future it is likely that all regions will need to have FEPs for commercial growing. A contract is an agreement with a processor or wholesaler that they will purchase your crop for a specific price, as long as it meets conditions such as how much will be delivered, harvest date and the quality of the crop. The contract is signed before you plant your crop. Maize Our team in Hawkes Bay grows, dries, stores and ships thousands of tonnes of non GMO yellow dent and waxy maize. Other maize products include high cut maize silage, earlage, and high moisture corn, and kibbled maize. Up to 300kg N/ha is released from soil organic matter when high fertility dairy pastures are cultivated. Bird and rat damage is characterised by plants pulled and seed embryos eaten. Data that has not been credited in the body of the fact sheet has been provided by the contributors or sourced from one of the following publications. For more information see Best Management Practices for Growing Maize, pages 8-9. Additional resources are available from the Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), which collects levies from maize and other arable crop growers in order to fund research and technology transfer programmes for the benefit of New Zealand growers. The word maize derives from the Spanish form of the indigenous Taíno word for the plant, mahiz. Is a term used to describe the accumulated days when the average daily temperature (maximum temp + minimum temp) is over the base temperature (or lowest temperature) that is required to grow maize in your region, in New Zealand this figure is nominally quoted 8° C. Information about feed management on dairy farms, including seasonal management, production systems, supplements, crops and pasture types. Young Men From Gisborne Show The Way. Maize is frost tender. Maize purchased off-farm is generally more expensive. Wet (harvest) moisture content of 22%. Total barley production was 441,000 tonnes, with 35,000 tonnes of oats, 149,000 tonnes of maize and 30,000 tonnes of peas. Maize is a vital crop for many New Zealand dairy farmers and represents a significant investment in time and resources. The Foundation for Arable Research Incorporated (FAR) collects an Arable Commodity Levy of $1 for every 10,000 seeds purchased. Dairy effluent can be used as a nutrient source for maize provided the crop requires the nutrients and good effluent practices are followed. More plants mean more leaf area. About 10 years ago they started growing … All crops cause damage if planted in the same place for a number of years. Animal management is a critical component of farm profitability and sustainability. Growing maize grain does not require a lot of experience, but it is important to seek advice from qualified sources. Paddocks out of long-term pasture often have a broad-leaf seed bank while paddocks previously run-out pastures often have grass weeds, e.g. The amount of pasture lost during the maize growing season will vary between paddocks, farms and districts. Maize is a versatile crop that can be grown in most parts of NZ, other than the coldest parts of the South Island. Maize can be grown for silage or for grain. These include: low cost feed; a drought tolerant crop that produces reliable yields; excellent supplement for milkers, dry cows and heifers By simply snapping a cob in two and examining the upper portion’s kernels, the milkline can be seen. M A I Z E No. Final populations are normally 5K/ha less than what was originally sown. That’s because it delivers a number of unequalled farm systems and environmental benefits. Water is most important in the first five weeks from planting, three weeks before silking and three weeks after silking. Maize (Sowing Rates: 80 000 / 100 000 plants per hectare) Maize can … Maize grain is a common high-energy crop grown in the Waikato. Then about 21 days for cob to be ready to pick. summer grasses. Sorghum and maize have become increasingly popular with New Zealand farmers and growers during the last decade. You may also need to do more weed spraying and fertilising. NEW ZEALAND Agriculture has long been a cornerstone of the New Zealand economy and locally grown feed supplements such as maize silage deliver significant and growing contributions to this sector by providing employment and income for thousands of New Zealanders. As a general guide, short season hybrids tend to yield less because they have fewer smaller leaves than long season hybrids. Most pregnancy losses occur in the first week after breeding. Weeds can cause a significant yield loss, and moisture-activated pre-emergence herbicides generally work well - however in some situations further post-emergence applications are required. Seek advice on the best regime for your crop. For more information of nutrient requirements and dairy effluent for fertiliser see Best Management Practices for Growing Maize, pages 12-14. In general, early sowing has higher yields than late sowing. Paddocks with a history of cropping (e.g. The main difference between hybrids are is the number and size of leaves (which effects green leaf area), crop maturity (number of growing degree days (GDD) before the crop is ready to harvest), and ability to cope with stresses such as drought. Brownrigg Agriculture has a long history of growing maize for supply to both merchants and direct to customers. Maize grows best on deep, well-drained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. Maize is one of the most efficient plants at converting radiation into biomass (1.6 tonnes DM/ha for every 100 MJ of radiation interception). Some is sold directly into the dairy industry or used for starch or human food, such as corn chips and breakfast cereal. • Viable alternative crops for the Waikato include lucerne, short rotation ryegrass and perhaps fresh market sweetcorn if quality standards can be met. Maize grown on the dairy farm can add value to farms' feed supply, help mitigate climatic risk, extract soil nutrients from high fertility effluent paddocks, and be used as a ‘break crop’ in the pasture renewal process. Costs are estimates based on a sample of contractor rates, other typical industry charges and product costs. One common rotation policy is to plant 3 years of maize followed by five years of a pasture system, such as grazing, before returning to maize. Maize generally takes 50-55 days from this time to reach two-thirds milkline - an important indicator of crop maturity. They will be able to provide advice and find out whether your project qualifies for funding. Speak to your local council before investing in any detailed planning or development work to ensure you are aware of any consents or permits needed to start growing carrots on your whenua. Maize can be used for green chop, maize silage, or maize grain.Â. rugosa) Jan: F eb: M ar: A pr: M ay: J un: J ul: A ug: S ep: O ct: N ov: Dec: P: P : P: P: P: P: P (Best months for growing Sweet corn in New Zealand - sub-tropical regions) P = Sow seed . Maize This map shows the areas in New Zealand where the major grain crops are grown. Maize can be grown for silage or for grain. Soil testing in winter will identify if any additional nutrients will be needed before planting and during growth. Maize Maize is a very important crop in New Zealand. The latest Pioneer brand ‘Maize for Silage 2015-16’ catalogue gives average estimated growing costs for maize silage planted in high fertility or low fertility paddocks (Table 1). Milk line is only indicative that harvest time in is near and there are other indicators needing consideration. They will be able to provide detailed, impartial advice on what will (and won't) work on your whenua. Once the risk of frosts has passed in spring, the seed bed is prepared and planted. ©2020 Te Puni Kōkiri. This results in certain paddocks being dedicated to continuous maize growing year after year. Potential yield can be reduced by weed and pest presence, moisture stress, disease, and nutrient limitations. From now, the crop grows very rapidly eventually eliminating vehicle access into the crop. Harvesting takes place between March and June, when the grain is between 22% and 24% moisture. Talk to your local Te Puni Kōkiri office to see how they can support you through your decision-making process. The NPSFM requires regional councils to set leaching limits and require Farm Environment Plans (FEPs) from growers and farmers in Canterbury, ManawatÅ« and Waikato. Pioneer provides a tool that lets you calculate detailed operational costs for your land block. Maize silage can be used to support pasture-based systems at times of the year when pasture is unreliable, e.g. Uses: barley meal, in soups, as a flour. If costs are $3,375 per hectare the profit to the grower is just under $800 per hectare. How do you ensure your maize is high-quality? If the paddock is just out of grass, the soil can supply plenty of N and further additions through effluent are probably not needed. Maize silage can also be used to extract excess nutrients from effluent paddocks, as it removes large amounts of N and K, reducing risks of N leaching and occurrence of metabolic diseases. Many assume that growing maize silage is a more economic choice than purchasing it. This fact sheet looks at maize grown for grain. Does feeding zeolite pre-calving improve reproduction? The maize grain price varies between seasons and districts. The actual data depends on when the crop was planted, which hybrid was planted and the growing conditions.Â. Good quality maize silage is best made when whole plant dry matter is between 30-40%. Seed merchant websites are a great place to get basic information and help from their reps. From genetics to herd management and more, this section covers topics that will help guide your decisions. The price of imported grain impacts the price you can achieve as a grower. High clearance sprayers or aerial application are now the only options. In 2019 most maize crops were contracted at $375 - $380 per tonne, based on figures provided by AgFirst. New Zealand produces close to one million tonnes of cereal grains each year, predominantly wheat, barley and maize. Do not grow maize within 77m of sweetcorn. Radiation peaks late in December, so aim to sow your crop to have full canopy cover by this stage. Maize does not need a very fine seedbed, it is a large seed and seed-to-soil contact is generally sufficient for germination, except on very cloddy soils. AIMI New Zealand survey of maize areas and volumes: June 1, 2019 [PDF 886KB]. Replacement K fertiliser can be applied after harvest to avoid any luxury uptake by the maize crop (luxury uptake is the K uptake in excess of what the plant needs. Farmers growing Pioneer ® brand maize for silage for sale are usually responsible for costs up to and including the nitrogen sidedressing application. Radiation is sunshine energy and radiation interception is the sunshine energy absorbed by the crop. The best yields come from LUC 1-4 land, high temperature and sunlight levels and soils with good nutrient levels, moisture retention and drainage. However, allowance needs to be made for the value of extra nutrients bought in with the maize and a reduction in risk due to maize being grown off the dairy platform. If you are applying effluent to your maize crop, then follow good practice Best Management Practices for Growing Maize, page 14.                                                                     Â. Maize cost can vary depending on where and how it is grown. If maize is grown on the dairy platform in an effluent paddock the cost could be as low as 12c/kg DM before storage. At an estimated $375 per tonne and 11.1 tonne per hectare, revenue per hectare is $4,163. Regional information has been provided by AgFirst. The People section shows you how to recruit quality staff, be a better manager, work within the law, grow your people and much more. The main arable crop in the North Island is maize. Seek advice early, before you invest in any design or development. Maize competes with other horticulture, dairying and maize silage in most North Island regions and warmer South Island regions. Check with your local council about requirements for your whenua or planned development. 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